Turkey built a solar manufacturing base for its own market first, and that domestic demand is what makes the export offer credible. Module assembly, cell capacity, structural steel, trackers and the whole balance of system exist here because Turkish developers needed them, not because someone set up a re-export operation. For a European buyer that means suppliers with real installed reference projects rather than a catalogue.
The geography does the rest. Mounting structures and trackers are heavy steel, and modules are bulky, fragile and expensive to insure at sea. A structure that takes six to eight weeks from Asia arrives in days from Turkey by road, which matters enormously on a project where the piling crew is already mobilised. Combined with duty-free entry under the Customs Union, the landed-cost comparison on structures is rarely close.
What has changed the commercial logic is regulation rather than price. The EU Forced Labour Regulation, (EU) 2024/3015, entered into force on 13 December 2024 and applies from 14 December 2027, and it lets authorities order products off the market and disposed of where forced labour is found at any stage of production. Solar is named repeatedly in the analysis of that regulation because polysilicon supply is concentrated and upstream traceability is poor. In parallel, the Net-Zero Industry Act now requires member states to apply non-price criteria, including resilience and responsible business conduct, in renewable energy auctions. Both push the same way: a documented, traceable, non-concentrated supply chain has become a commercial asset, not just a compliance chore.